how to install or restore grub

Many times the grub installation on my system gets corrupted and my system refuse to startup with the error
GRUB ERROR 24

Error 24 : Attempt to access block outside partition

In this case I use to boot up with Live Knoppix CD or USB stick and restore grub installation using the following approaches:

(I have Knoppix Linux installed on the third partition of the first HDD and due to a failure in Disk Controller of my Acer Aspire laptop it is crashing the file system from time to time)

Solution 1 (to repair grub):

- run dmesg
If you see some disk related errors run fsck
run su
>umount -f /media/sda3
>fsck.reiserfs --rebuild-tree /dev/sda3
>mount /media/sda3

> sudo grub-install --recheck --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/sda3 hd0



Soluton 2 (to install fresh grub):

1. Open terminal and run sudo grub
2. run find /boot/grub/stage1
 The result would be something like : (hd0,2)
3. run root (hd0,2)
 The result should be something like : Filesystem type is reiserfs, partition type 0x83
4. run setup (hd0)
5. run quit and restart

Alternatively you can try to edit the /boot/grub/menu.lst file from /dev/sda3 (assuming your linux installation in on third partition of the first harddisk, else from /dev/sd<n><X>)

Open UTF-8 files in Unix using Putty

To display correctly an UTF-8 encoded file saved in Unix using Putty run the following command before:

echo -ne '\e%G\e[?47h\e%G\e[?47l'

To start an application which requires X server connection in Unix from a text client (like Putty, ssh) the following property can be added to the JVM:
          java -Djava.awt.headless=true ...

This fixed the following errors:
   In Tomcat server:  X connection to localhost:10.0 broken (explicit kill or server shutdown).
   In a Swing application: No X11 DISPLAY variable was set, but this program performed an operation which requires it.

SSH and SCP without password prompt

Establishing SSH connectivity between 2 servers without being asked for password

To be able to execute remote shell commands (ssh, rsh) between 2 trusted servers without being prompted to introduce password each time you have to do the following:

1. Create a key pair on the server from which ssh or scp commads are executed.

ssh-keygen –t rsa

2. Please set empty password.

3. Then you should name the public key more conveniently.

cp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub $HOME/server1.pub

4. After that copy the public key to the remote server machines:

scp $HOME/server1.pub user@server2:

5. Eventually SSH to these machines and configure the public key as an authorized key.

ssh user@server2

cat $HOME/server1.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

6. To test the connectivity, simply SSH from server1 machine to server2 machine.

ssh user@server2

The connection should succeed and you should not be asked for a password.